Physical Activity at Different Life Stages and Its Consequence on the Initial Immunization and Inflammatory Response Against COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the influence of previous physical activity (PA) during childhood, adolescence, and current PA practice on the production of antibodies and inflammatory response between the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: Fifty-nine men and 56 women were evaluated before the first vaccine, and 12 weeks later, blood samples were taken to quantify production of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and cytokines. Previous PA during childhood and adolescence was self-referred, and current PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: A positive and significant association was observed only between PA practice during adolescence and an increase in antibody production in adulthood (ß = 2012.077, 95% confidence interval, 257.7953-3766.358, P = .025). Individuals who practiced PA during adolescence showed higher production of antibodies between the first and second vaccine dose compared to nonpractitioners (P = .025) and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and presented higher antibody production in relation to who did <150 minutes per week of MVPA (P = .046). Individuals that were practitioners during childhood produced higher G-CSF (P = .047), and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current MVPA demonstrated lower IP-10 levels (P = .033). However, PA practitioners during adolescence presented higher G-CSF (P = .025), IL-17 (P = .038), IL-1RA (P = .005), IL-1ß (P = .020), and IL-2 (P = .026) levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that adults that accumulated at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week or practiced PA during adolescence developed an improved immune and inflammatory response against COVID-19 vaccination.

Association between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), and AGT (M268T) polymorphisms and performance phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers.

BACKGROUND: The influence of genetic polymorphisms on athletic performance has been widely explored. This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), BDKRB2 (-9/+9), and AGT (M/T) and their association with endurance and strength phenotypes in Brazilian swimmers. METHODS: 123 athletes (aged 20-30 years) and 718 controls participated in the study. The athletes were divided into elite and sub-elite (N = 19 and 104, respectively) and strength and endurance experts (N = 98 and 25, respectively). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in all groups. RESULTS: Considering the ACE polymorphism, it was observed a higher frequency of the DD genotype than expected in the strength experts of the elite group, whereas the strength experts sub-elite athletes had a higher frequency of the ID genotype (χ2 = 8.17; p = 0.01). Subjects with XX genotypes of ACTN3 are more likely to belong to the athlete group when compared to the control group (OR = 1.79, p = 0.04). The DD homozygotes of the ACE are more likely to belong to the elite group with strength phenotypes than the group of sub-elite (OR = 7.96, p = 0.01) and elite strength experts compared to elite endurance (OR = 18.0, p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed in the allelic distribution of the polymorphisms evaluated when comparing Elite, sub-elite athletes and controls. CONCLUSION: ACE and ACTN3 allele frequencies should be considered with regard to performance influencing factors in Brazilian swimmers.

Intermittent Fasting Promotes Weight Loss without Decreasing Performance in Taekwondo.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is commonly used by combat sports athletes for weight loss. However, IF can decrease performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IF on total body mass (TBM) and Taekwondo performance. Nine athletes (seven male, two female; 18.4 ± 3.3 years) underwent 4 weeks of 12 h IF. TBM, countermovement jump (CMJ), mean kicks (MK), and total number of kicks (TNK) were compared weekly. Performance was measured in the fed state (FED) and fast state (FAST). Results showed decreased TBM in week 1 (62.20 ± 6.56 kg; p = 0.001) and week 2 (62.38 ± 6.83 kg; p = 0.022) compared to pre-intervention (63.58 ± 6.57 kg), stabilizing in week 3 (62.42 ± 6.12 kg), and no significant change in week 4 (63.36 ± 6.20 kg). CMJ performance in week 1 was lower in FED (35.26 ± 7.15 cm) than FAST (37.36 ± 6.77 cm; p = 0.003), but in week 3, FED (38.24 ± 6.45 cm) was higher than FAST (35.96 ± 5.05 cm; p = 0.047). No significant differences were found in MK and TNK in FSKTmult. RPE, KDI, and HR were similar between FED and FAST (p < 0.05). [LAC] was higher post-test compared to pre-test (p = 0.001), with higher concentrations in FED than FAST (p = 0.020). BG was higher in FED than FAST (p < 0.05) before physical tests. Therefore, IF promotes decreased TBM without decreasing performance.

Effect of strength training versus raloxifene on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats

We compared the effect of the treatment with strength training (ST) and raloxifene (RALOX) on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid, and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: ovariectomy + VEHICLE (control); ovariectomy + RALOX; ovariectomy + ST; ovariectomy + RALOX + ST. Thirty days after ovariectomy, the animals underwent the treatment with RALOX (750 µcg day-1) and/or ST (three sessions week-1). Thirty days after, all groups were scarified, tibia and femur were weighed, and the blood was collected for analysis of the lipid profile, glucose, and antioxidants catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). The ST group showed greater femur weight (0.82 ± 0.18 g) and RALOX + ST had greater tibia weight (0.61± 0.17 g) than CONTROL with femur weight of 0.65 ± 0.08 g and tibia of 0.49 ± 0.08 g with no differences between treatments (p > 0.05). ST group showed significantly higher catalase (181.7 ± 15.4 µM g-1) compared to the other groups. In contrast, the GSH value was lower in ST group (89.2 ± 8.1 µM g-1) compared to RALOX (175.9 ± 17.1 µM g-1) and RALOX + ST (162.8 ± 12.1 µM g-1), but the values of these two groups did not differ from CONTROL(115.3 ± 21.1 µM g-1). Total cholesterol did not differ between groups (p > 0.05), but exercise alone(54.3 ± 2.5 mg dL-1) or with RALOX (53.0 ± 1.5 mg dL-1) resulted in higher HDL cholesterol than CONTROL (45.5 ± 2.5 mg dL-1). Only RALOX+ST presented lower glucose (140.3 ± 9.7 mg dL-1) values than CONTROL (201.7 ± 30.6 mg dL-1). In conclusion, ST promotes similar benefits on bone and metabolic parameters compared to pharmacological treatment in ovariectomized rats.(AU)

Cryolipolysis on More than One Body Area Increases Lipid Peroxidation without Changing Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers.

In the present study, the effects of cryolipolysis on one and multiple body areas, assessing body composition, lipid profile and peroxidation and inflammatory markers were investigated. Twenty-four women aged between 20 and 59 years were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control, (2) cryolipolysis on the abdomen and (3) cryolipolysis on the abdomen + flanks. Anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance and ultrasound were performed, as well serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Interleukin-1ß) were determined. In addition, food consumption and physical activity level were evaluated. Data were obtained at 0, 10 and 30 days (t0, t10 and t30) after cryolipolysis. Cryolipolysis did not change anthropometric measurements, body composition or lipid profile. Interestingly, the abdomen + flanks group had significantly increased plasma myeloperoxidase activity at t0, t10 and t30, and increased malondialdehyde levels at t0 and t10 when compared to the other groups. Furthermore, there were no differences between macronutrient intake and total energy value, physical activity level, malondialdehyde and interleukin-1ß at t30. Cryolipolysis did not change body composition, lipid profile or inflammatory markers investigated. On the other hand, when used on the abdomen and flanks, it produced an increase in lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase.

Effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM), an important public health problem worldwide, can cause imbalances in the homeostasis of trace elements such as zinc (Zn). It is possible that an adequate nutritional status related to nutrients is essential for the normal functioning of antioxidant defense systems, and any change in the concentration of these substances could increase the chances of DM complications. OBJECTIVE: To present a review on the effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. METHODS: This is a systematic review of articles that investigated the effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The PICOS strategy was used for the development of the research question, and the Syrcle tool for the quality assessment of the studies included in the review. Articles available in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were included without restriction on year of publication. The Syrcle tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in the review, seven of which evaluated glycemic control and oxidative stress after zinc supplementation, five only oxidative stress and three only glycemic control after zinc treatment. In all the studies included, diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses ranging from 40 to 100 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation was made in the diet or drinking water or by gavage or intraperitoneal injection. The most used doses were 100 mg/kg of body weight by gavage and 0.32 and 0.64 g/kg in diet. The supplementation period ranged from 14 days to 8 weeks. Six studies revealed that zinc supplementation decreased fasting blood glucose as well as insulin resistance; nine studies included in this review reported decreased MDA concentration; in five studies, there was an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, GSH and catalase); and one of the studies reported a reduction in glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation improved hyperglycemia and revealed a protective potential against oxidative stress associated with experimental diabetes.

Phase angle is moderately correlated with lower-body power and fitness capacity in junior Badminton players / Ángulo de fase se correlaciona moderadamente con la potencia de los miembros inferiores y la condiciónfísica en jugadores de Bádminton junior / Ângulo de fase está moderadamente correlacionado com potência dos membros inferiores e aptidão física em jogadores juniores de Badminton

Objective: Phase angle (PhA) is derived from bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and is widely used as an indicator of cellular health, cell membrane integrity,and cell function. Lower-body power and fitness capacity are of paramount importance in success in several sports, including badminton. This studyaimed to evaluate the relationship between PhA and lower-body power and fitness capacity in 22 junior badminton players (14 males, 8 females, 17.7 ±1.4 years old). Methods: Bioelectrical impedance was used to assess body fat (BF), muscle mass (MM) and PhA. Countermovement jump test and Yo-yo intermittent testlevel 2 were used to evaluate lower-body power and fitness capacity, respectively. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between PhAand lower-body power and fitness capacity, with multiple regressions considering the effect of BF, MM, and age.Results: PhA exhibited a positive relationship with lower-body power ( = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity ( = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, theseβ = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity (β = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, theseβ = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity (β = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, theserelationships lost significance after adjustment for the co-variables MM, BF, and age (p > 0.24). Conclusion: PhA is associated with lower-body power and fitness capacity in junior badminton players. However, these relationships are influenced byMM, BF, and age co-variables. (AU)

Objetivo: El ángulo de fase (AF) se deriva del análisis de bioimpedancia (BIA) y es usado ampliamente como indicador de la salud celular, la integridad dela membrana celular y la función celular. La potencia de los miembros inferiores y la condición física son de gran importancia para el éxito en variosdeportes, incluido el bádminton. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el AF y la potencia de los miembros inferiores y la condiciónfísica en 22 jugadores de bádminton junior (14 hombres, 8 mujeres, 17.7 ± 1.4 años). Método: Se utilizó la bioimpedancia eléctrica para evaluar la grasa corporal (GC), la masa muscular (MM) y el AF. La prueba de salto en contramovimientoy la prueba YoYo de recuperación intermitente nivel 2 fueran utilizados para evaluar la potencia de los miembros inferiores y la condición física,respectivamente. Se calculó la Correlación de Pearson para evaluar a relación entre el AF y la potencia de los miembros inferiores y condición física, conregresiones múltiples considerando el efecto de GC, MM y edad. Resultados: AF mostró una relación positiva con la potencia de los miembros inferiores (β = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity (β = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, these = 0.48; p < 0.02) y la condición física (β = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity (β = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, these = 0.37; p <0.04). Sinembargo, estas relaciones perdieron significación después de ajustadas con las covariables MM, GC y edad (p > 0.24). Conclusión: El ángulo de fase se asocia con la potencia de los miembros inferiores y la condición física de jugadores de bádminton juveniles. Sin embargo,estas relaciones son influenciadas por las covariables masa muscular, grasa corporal y edad.(AU)

Objetivo: O ângulo de fase (AF) é derivado da análise de bioimpedância (BIA) e é amplamente usado como um indicador de saúde celular, integridade damembrana celular e função celular. A força dos membros inferiores e aptidão física são de grande importância para o sucesso em vários esportes,incluindo o badminton. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a AF e a potência dos membros inferiores e a aptidão física em 22 jogadoresjuniores de badminton (14 homens, 8 mulheres, 17,7 ± 1,4 anos). Método: A bioimpedância elétrica foi utilizada para avaliar gordura corporal (GC), massa muscular (MM) e AF. O teste de salto com contramovimento e oteste intermitente Yo-yo nível 2 foram usados para avaliar a potência dos membros inferiores e a aptidão física, respectivamente. Correlação de Pearsonfoi usada para avaliar a relação entre AF e potência dos membros inferiores e aptidão física, com regressões múltiplas considerando o efeito do GC, MM eidade. Resultados: AF exibiu uma relação positiva com a potência dos membros inferiores (β = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity (β = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, these = 0.48; p <0.02) e aptidão física (β = 0.48; p < 0.02) and fitness capacity (β = 0.37; p < 0.04). However, these = 0.37; p < 0.04). No entanto,essas relações perderam a significância após o ajuste para as covariáveis MM, GC e idade (p > 0.24). Conclusões: AF está associado à dos membros inferiores e à capacidade física de jogadores juniores de badminton. No entanto, essas relações sãoinfluenciadas pelas covariáveis MM, GC e idade.(AU)

EFFECT OF FOOD AND NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS ON WEIGHT AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES OF SCHOOL CHILDREN / EFECTO DE LAS INTERVENCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN ALIMENTARIA Y NUTRICIONAL SOBRE LAS MEDIDAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS DE LOS NIÑOS ESCOLARES / Efeito De Intervenções De Educação Alimentar E Nutricional Nas Medidas Antropométricas De Escolares

ABSTRACT: The objective was to identify in the scientific literature which food and nutrition education interventions promote the reduction of anthropometric measures in schoolchildren. Methods: integrative literature review. The search was carried out in the following databases: PUBMED, SCIELO (Online Electronic Scientific Library) and LILACS (Latin American Literature in Health Sciences). The search terms used in the Health Sciences (DeCS) and MESH descriptors: child AND food AND educational nutrition AND obesity. Data collection took place in October and November 2021. Conclusion: the strategies that had the most results for reducing measures in schoolchildren, based on the collected studies, were the distribution of pamphlets and meetings with schoolchildren in which themes were addressed on the proportions of healthy eating; Educational game and weekly lectures on topics related to healthy eating; educational workshops on the preparation of snacks with fruit and the development of health education programs with topics on nutrition and physical activity. The introduction of nutritional food education actions should be carried out from the beginning of school life so that individuals develop an interest and curiosity for food and thus acquire healthy habits to maintain body weight properly.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue identificar en la literatura científica qué intervenciones en educación alimentaria y nutricional promueven la reducción de medidas antropométricas en escolares. Métodos: revisión integrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: PUBMED, SCIELO (Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea) y LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud). Los términos de búsqueda utilizados en los descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) y MESH: niño Y alimentación Y nutrición educativa Y obesidad. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021. Conclusión: las estrategias que tuvieron más resultados para la reducción de medidas en escolares, a partir de los estudios recolectados, fueron la distribución de folletos y reuniones con escolares en los que se abordaron temas sobre las proporciones de salud comiendo; Juego educativo y conferencias semanales sobre temas relacionados con la alimentación saludable; talleres educativos sobre la preparación de refrigerios con frutas y el desarrollo de programas de educación en salud con temas de nutrición y actividad física. La implantación de acciones de educación alimentaria nutricional debe llevarse a cabo desde el inicio de la vida escolar para que las personas desarrollen el interés y la curiosidad por la comida y así adquieran hábitos saludables para mantener adecuadamente el peso corporal.  

RESUMO: O objetivo foi identificar na literatura científica quais as intervenções de educação alimentar e nutricional promovem a redução das medidas antropométricas em escolares. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: PUBMED, SCIELO (Biblioteca Científica Eletrônica em Linha) e LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde). Os termos de busca utilizados nos descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e MESH: child AND food AND nutrition educativo AND obesity. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de outubro e novembro de 2021. Conclusão: as estratégias que tiveram mais resultados para redução de medidas em escolares, com bases nos estudos coletados, foram a distribuição de panfletos e encontros com os escolares na qual foram abordados temas sobre as proporções de alimentação saudável; Jogo didático e palestras semanas abordando temas pertinentes à alimentação saudável; oficinas educativas de elaboração de lanches com frutas e o desenvolvidos de programas de educação em saúde com tópicos de nutrição e atividade física. A introdução das ações de educação alimentar nutricional devem ser feitas desde o início da vida escolar para que os indivíduos desenvolvam o interesse e curiosidade pelos alimentos e assim possam adquirir hábitos saudáveis para a manutenção do peso corporal de forma adequada.  

Are there differences between male and female badminton athletes in sleep, physical activity and sedentary time? / ¿existen diferencias entre atletas de basdminton masculinos y femeninos en el sueño, actividad física y tiempo de sedentarismo? / Existem diferenças entre atletas de badminton masculinos e femininos no sono, atividade física e tempo de sedentarismo?

ABSTRACT Introduction: High-performance athletes often undergo periods of exhaustive training and insufficient recovery, which can lead to decreased performance, but it is not clear whether there are any differences between the sexes in the level of habitual physical activity, sedentary time or sleep quantity and quality in young highly trained badminton athletes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the habitual physical activity (PA), sedentary time and sleep quantity and quality of highly trained young male and female badminton athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Twenty-seven young badminton athletes and twenty-one non-athletes (control group) were recruited. Sleep duration and quality (total time in bed, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and latency), total counts, vigorous activity time and sedentary time were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Results: Male athletes spent less sedentary time (p=0.028), more time in vigorous activity (p=0.016) and had higher total counts (p<0.001) than the male control group. There were no significant differences in sedentary time (p=0.702) or vigorous activity time (p=0.205) between the female athletes and non-athletes, but the female athletes accumulated higher total counts than the female control group (p=0.003). There were no significant differences between the sexes or groups for time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and latency (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Among males but not females, young highly trained badminton athletes had less sedentary time and more time in vigorous activity than the non-athletes, however, there were no significant differences between the sexes or groups in sleep quantity and quality. Level of evidence III; Case-control study .

RESUMEN Introducción: Los atletas de alto rendimiento con frecuencia son sometidos a períodos de entrenamiento exhaustivo y recuperación insuficiente, lo que puede llevar a una disminución del desempeño, pero no está claro si hay diferencia entre los sexos en cuanto al nivel de actividad física habitual, tiempo sedentario, cantidad y calidad del sueño en jóvenes atletas de bádminton altamente entrenados. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la actividad física habitual (AF), el tiempo de sedentarismo y la duración y calidad del sueño en jóvenes atletas de bádminton altamente entrenados y de no atletas, del sexo femenino y masculino. Métodos: Fueron reclutados veintisiete jóvenes atletas de bádminton y veintiuno no atletas (grupo control). La duración y la calidad del sueño (tiempo total en la cama, tiempo total de sueño, vigilia después del inicio del sueño, eficiencia y latencia del sueño), counts totales, el tiempo en actividad vigorosa y el tiempo de sedentarismo fueron medidos con un acelerómetro triaxial. Resultados: Los atletas del sexo masculino tuvieron menos tiempo de sedentarismo (p = 0,028), más tiempo de actividad vigorosa (p = 0,016) y mayor cantidad de counts totales (p <0,001) que el grupo control masculino. No hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de sedentarismo (p = 0,702) o tiempo de actividad vigorosa (p = 0,205), entre las atletas y no atletas, pero las atletas del sexo femenino acumularon mayor cantidad de counts totales que el grupo control femenino (p = 0,003). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los sexos o grupos para tiempo en la cama, tiempo total de sueño, eficiencia del sueño, vigilia después del inicio del sueño y latencia (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: Entre hombres, pero no entre mujeres, los jóvenes atletas de bádminton altamente entrenados tuvieron menor tiempo de sedentarismo y mayor tiempo en actividades vigorosas que los no atletas; entretanto, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los sexos o grupos en la cantidad y calidad del sueño. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio de caso control .

RESUMO Introdução: Atletas de alto rendimento com frequência são submetidos a períodos de treinamento exaustivo e recuperação insuficiente, o que pode levar à diminuição do desempenho, mas não está claro se há diferença entre os sexos quanto ao nível de atividade física habitual, tempo sedentário, quantidade e qualidade do sono em jovens atletas de badminton altamente treinados. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a atividade física habitual (AF), o tempo de sedentarismo e a duração e qualidade do sono em jovens atletas de badminton altamente treinados e de não atletas, do sexo masculino e feminino. Métodos: Vinte e sete jovens atletas de badminton e vinte e um não atletas (grupo controle) foram recrutados. A duração e a qualidade do sono (tempo total na cama, tempo total de sono, vigília após o início do sono, eficiência e latência do sono), counts totais, tempo em atividade vigorosa e tempo de sedentarismo foram medidos com um acelerômetro triaxial. Resultados: Atletas do sexo masculino tiveram menos tempo de sedentarismo (p = 0,028), mais tempo de atividade vigorosa(p = 0,016) e maior quantidade de counts totais (p < 0,001) do que o grupo controle masculino. Não houve diferença significante no tempo de sedentarismo (p = 0,702) ou tempo de atividade vigorosa (p = 0,205) entre as atletas e não atletas, mas as atletas do sexo feminino acumularam maior quantidade de counts totais que o grupo controle feminino (p = 0,003). Não houve diferença significante entre os sexos ou grupos para tempo na cama, tempo total de sono, eficiência do sono, vigília após o início do sono e latência (p> 0,05). Conclusões: Entre homens, mas não entre mulheres, os jovens atletas de badminton altamente treinados tiveram menor tempo de sedentarismo e maior tempo em atividades vigorosas do que os não atletas; entretanto, não houve diferença significante entre os sexos ou grupos na quantidade e qualidade do sono. Nível de evidência III; Estudo de caso controle .

Effects of water aerobics on posture alignment and risk of falls of older adults: an intervention study / Efeitos da hidroginástica no alinhamento postural e risco de quedas em idosos: um estudo de intervenção / Efectos de los hidroginasticos sobre la alineación postural y riesgo de caídas de adultos mayores: un estudio de intervención

ABSTRACT Considering that aging leads to losses in postural control and balance, our objective was to analyze the effects of water aerobics on posture alignment and risk of falls in older adults. A quasi-experimental intervention study included 49 older adults in the Intervention Group (IG) and 34 in the Control Group (CG). A plumbed symmetrograph assessed posture alignment, while a Time Up & Go test determined the fall risk. The IG performed water aerobics twice a week for three months. Posture alignment significantly improved in most body segments assessed for the IG, and worsened in the CG. The low risk of falls in the IG increased by 28% in relation to the CG. We concluded that water aerobics improved posture alignment and reduced fall risk in older adults.

RESUMO O envelhecimento leva à perdas no controle postural e no equilíbrio. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da hidroginástica no alinhamento postural e no risco de quedas de idosos. Um estudo de intervenção quasi-experimental incluiu 49 idosos do Grupo Intervenção (GI) e 34 do Grupo Controle (GC). Um simetrógrafo de prumo foi usado para avaliar o alinhamento da postura e o teste Time Up & Go para determinar o risco de quedas. O GI realizou hidroginástica, duas vezes por semana, durante três meses. Houve melhora significativa no alinhamento postural da maioria dos segmentos corporais avaliados no GI e piora no GC. O baixo risco de quedas no GI aumentou 28% em relação ao GC. Concluímos que a hidroginástica melhorou o alinhamento postural e reduziu o risco de quedas em idosos.

RESUMEN El envejecimiento conduce a pérdidas en el control postural y el equilibrio. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de los aeróbicos acuáticos sobre la alineación postural y el riesgo de caídas de los adultos mayores. Un estudio de intervención quasi-experimental incluyó a 49 adultos mayores en el Grupo de Intervención (GI) y 34 en el Grupo de Control (GC). Para evaluar la alineación de la postura se utilizó un simétrograma plomado y la prueba Time Up & Go para determinar el riesgo de caídas. El IG realizó aeróbicos acuáticos, dos veces por semana durante tres meses. Hubo una mejora significativa en la alineación de la postura de la mayoría de los segmentos corporales evaluados en el GI y un empeoramiento en el GC. El bajo riesgo de caídas en el GI aumentó un 28% en relación al GC. Concluimos que los aeróbicos acuáticos mejoraron la alineación de la postura y redujeron el riesgo de caídas de los adultos mayores.

Lycopene-Rich Extract from Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Decreases Plasma Triglycerides and Improves Oxidative Stress Biomarkers on Experimentally-Induced Dyslipidemia in Hamsters.

This work assessed the effects of a 28-day treatment with lycopene-rich extract (LRE) from red guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in an experimental model of dyslipidemia. Male hamsters (116.5 ± 2.16 g) were fed with the AIN 93G diet containing casein (20%), coconut fat (13.5%) and cholesterol (0.1%). The animals were divided into four groups: normolipidemic control (standard feed; NC, n = 7); hypercholesterolemic control (HC, n = 7); LRE 25 mg/kg/day (LRE-25, n = 7) and LRE 50 mg/kg/day (LRE-50, n = 9). After treatment, plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA-p) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD-e) and the atherogenic index, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA-h), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-h) levels were assessed. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were also determined. The LRE-25 group presented significantly lower TG levels and atherogenic index than did the HC group (p < 0.05). Both LRE-25 and LRE-50 groups presented lower levels of MDA-p and MPO than did the HC group (p < 0.05). LRE demonstrated a promising effect against dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.

O VOLUME DE EXERCÍCIOS RESISTIDOS INFLUENCIA A REATIVIDADE DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL AO ESTRESSE / THE VOLUME OF RESISTANCE EXERCISES INFLUENCES BLOOD PRESSURE REACTIVITY TO STRESS / EL VOLUMEN DE EJERCICIOS DE FUERZA INFLUYE EN LA REACTIVIDAD DE LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL AL ESTRÉS

Introdução A hiper-reatividade da pressão arterial (PA) ao estresse pode estar associada ao desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial. Porém a realização prévia de exercícios físicos tem se mostrado eficaz em atenuar esta elevação da PA ao estresse subsequente. Objetivo Verificar o efeito do volume da sessão de exercícios resistidos (ER) sobre a reatividade da PA (RV) ao estresse induzido. Métodos Quarenta adultos jovens normotensos foram submetidos a três sessões experimentais em ordem randomizada: Sessão com 2 séries de ER (S2); Sessão com 4 séries de ER (S4); e Sessão controle sem exercícios (SC). S2 e S4 foram realizadas à 70% de uma repetição máxima e compostas por seis exercícios com 10 repetições cada (intervalo de 90s entre séries). Aos 10 minutos de recuperação das sessões experimentais, os voluntários foram submetidos ao Cold Pressor Test (CPT), que é um protocolo de estresse no qual a mão direita é submergida em água gelada (4 a 5º C) durante 1 minuto para determinar a RV. A PA sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD), média (PAM) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram mensuradas no repouso pré-sessões experimentais (20 minutos) e imediatamente após o CPT. Resultados Em resposta ao estresse induzido pelo CPT a FC não diferenciou após sessões experimentais (SC: 98±9 vs. S2: 107±12 vs. S4: 113±13 bpm; P>0,05). Entretanto, após a sessão de ER de maior volume, ocorreu atenuação da RV na PAS (SC: 145±18 vs. S2: 142±16 vs. S4: 133±15 mmHg; P<0,05), PAD (SC: 96±13 vs. S2: 90±14 vs. S4: 86±12 mmHg; P<0,05) e PAM (SC: 89±10 vs. S2: 91 ± 5 vs. S4: 91±4 mmHg; P<0,05). Conclusão O maior volume (4 séries vs. 2 séries) na sessão de ER resultou em atenuação da reatividade da PA frente ao estresse induzido.

Introduction The hyper-reactivity of blood pressure (BP) to stress can be associated with the development of arterial hypertension. However, performing physical exercises beforehand has proven to be effective in attenuating this BP elevation in response to subsequent stress. Objective Verify the effect of the volume of resistance exercise session (RE) on blood pressure reactivity (VR) to induced stress. Methods Forty normotensive young adults underwent three experimental sessions randomly: Session of 2 series of RE (S2); Session of 4 series of RE (S4); and a Control session without exercises (CS). S2 and S4 were performed at 70% of one repetition maximum and composed of six exercises with 10 repetitions each (90s interval between series). At the 10th minute of recovery from experimental sessions, the volunteers underwent a Cold Pressor Test (CPT), which is a stress protocol where the right hand is immersed in cold water (4-5º C) for 1 minute to determine VR. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest before experimental sessions (20 minutes) and immediately after CPT. Results In response to the stress induced by CPT the HR did not differ between experimental sessions (CS: 98 ± 9 vs. S2: 107 ± 12 vs. S4: 113 ± 13 bpm, P>0.05). However, after a session of higher volume RE, attenuation of VR was observed for SBP (CS: 145 ± 18 vs. S2: 142 ± 16 vs. S4: 133 ± 15 mmHg; P <0.05), DBP (CS: 96 ± 13 vs. S2: 90 ± 14 vs. S4: 86 ± 12 mmHg; P <0.05) and MBP (CS: 89 ± 10 vs. S2: 91 ± 5 vs. S4: 91 ± 4 mmHg, P<0.05). Conclusion The higher volume (4 series vs. 2 series) of resistance exercises resulted in attenuation of blood pressure reactivity to stress induction.

Introducción La hiperreactividad de la presión arterial (PA) al estrés puede estar asociada al desarrollo de la hipertensión arterial. Sin embargo, la realización previa de ejercicios físicos se mostró eficaz para atenuar la elevación de la PA frente al estrés subsecuente. Objetivo Verificar el efecto del volumen de la sesión de ejercicios de fuerza (EF) en la reactividad de la presión arterial (RV) frente al estrés inducido. Métodos Cuarenta jóvenes adultos normotensos se sometieron a tres sesiones experimentales, al azar: Sesión con 2 series de EF (S2); Sesión con 4 series EF (S4) y; Sesión de control sin ejercicios (SC). S2 y S4 se realizaron a 70% de una repetición máxima y compuesta de seis ejercicios con 10 repeticiones cada uno (intervalo de 90s entre las series). A los 10 minutos de la recuperación de las sesiones experimentales, los voluntarios fueron sometidos a prueba de frío presor (Cold Pressor Test - CPT), un protocolo de estrés en el cual la mano derecha es inmersa en agua con temperatura de 4 a 5° C durante 1 minuto para determinar la RV. La PA sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD), media (PAM) y frecuencia cardiaca (FC) se midieron en reposo antes de las sesiones experimentales (20 minutos) e inmediatamente después de la CPT. Resultados En respuesta al estrés inducido por CPT, FC no se diferenció después de las sesiones experimentales (SC: 98±9 vs. S2: 107±12 vs. S4: 113±13 bpm; P> 0,05). Sin embargo, después de la sesión de EF de mayor volumen, hubo atenuación de la RV en la PAS (SC: 145±18 vs. S2: 142±16 vs. S4: 133±15 mmHg; p <0,05), PAD (SC: 96±13 vs. S2: 90±14 vs. S4: 86±12 mmHg; p <0,05) y PAM (SC: 89±10 vs. S2: 91±5 vs. S4: 91±4 mmHg; p < 0,05). Conclusión El mayor volumen (4 series vs. 2 series) de EF en la sesión resultó en la atenuación de la reactividad para PA frente al estrés inducido.

Prevalência da pressão arterial elevada e associação com fatores de risco / Prevalence of high blood pressure and association with risk factors

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da pressão arterial elevada em estudantes do 9º ano do ensino de escolas públicas municipais de Teresina - Piauí e avaliar a participação da obesidade e do nível de atividade física no estado pressórico por meio da correlação da pressão arterial média (PAM) com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o percentual de gordura (%G) e o nível de atividade física (NAF). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico e correlacional, incluindo 383 estudantes (190 meninos e 193 meninas) com idade de (14,03±0,93 anos). A pressão arterial elevada foi definida por valores acima do percentil 95, de acordo com idade, sexo e estatura. O NAF foi calculado utilizando um questionário de estilo de vida. IMC e %G foram obtidos com base nos protocolos de Cole et al. (2000) e Slaughter et al. (1988), respectivamente. O tratamento estatístico foi feito com Quiquadado e correlação de Spearman (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência da pressão arterial elevada foi de 23,24% (20% masculino e 26,42% feminino). A PAM se correlacionou positivamente com o IMC, independentemente de sexo (r=0,170, p=0,0001). Entre os rapazes, a PAM se mostrou correlacionada positivamente com %G (r= 0,145, p= 0,046) e IMC (r=0,251, p=0,0001). Nas moças se encontrou correlação com NAF (r= -0,163, p=0,024) e %G (r=0,152, p=0,035). Conclusões: Os estudantes adolescentes avaliados apresentaram alta prevalência de pressão arterial elevada e IMC, %G e NAF se mostraram como fatores associados com a elevação da pressão arterial nesta população.

Adverse cardiovascular effects from the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids as ergogenic resources.

This review evaluates the documented cardiovascular functioning among anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users. AAS users manifest a reduction in HDL cholesterol, increased inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. Strong evidence associating AAS use with blood pressure at hypertensive levels, as well as hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction has also been reported. Both epidemiological and autopsy studies attest the relationship between AAS use and early mortality. The review's limitations are noted.

Antidoping control in Brazil: history, current situation, and prospects for the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games.

Brazil will soon host two major sporting events: the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Given the importance of antidoping control during these competitions, it is important that the scientific community receive a status update on antidoping control in Brazil. In this brief communication, the authors present the status of antidoping control in Brazil from an historical perspective, both the benefits and difficulties to be faced by antidoping control during these events, and the legacy resulting from the efficacy of the drug testing performed during these competitions.

Relação entre Comportamento Glicêmico eLactacidêmico no Exercício Resistido / Relationship Between Glycemic and Lactacidemic Behavior in the Resistance Exercise

Investigar a relação entre o comportamentoglicêmico e a produção de lactato no exercício demusculação. Material e Métodos: Cinco homens (18 e 25anos), realizaram dois treinamentos com três séries de 10exercícios para membros inferiores, com intensidade elevada(SI), utilizando-se 08 a 12 repetições máximas; e moderada(SM), com cargas equivalentes a 50% da utilizada em SI.Coletas sanguíneas foram tomadas antes e ao final de cadadois exercícios. As concentrações séricas de lactato eglicemia foram feitas em analisadores portáteis. Os dadosforam tratados pelo teste de Wilcoxon e pela correlação deSpearman (p< 0,05). Resultados: Em SI, a glicemia mostrousesempre mais elevada (98, 93.4, 100, 103 e 104 mg/dl) queem SM (95.6, 90.6, 93.8, 90.2 e 92.4 mg/dl), com p<0,05 nosdois últimos exercícios. Os maiores valores glicêmicos foramacompanhados de concentrações séricas de lactato maiselevadas em SI (7.08, 8.40, 9.12, 7.66, 8.82 mM), comparadocom SM (6.12, 7.54, 6.06, 5.22 e 6.70 mM), com p<0,05 nastrês últimas medidas. Observou-se correlação entre lactatoe glicemia em SI (r2= 0,839) e SM (R2= 0,873), indicandorelação de causa e efeito entre lactacidemia e glicemia.Conclusão: A maior produção de lactato em exercícios dealta intensidade pode ser entendido como um dos fatoresenvolvidos nos maiores valores glicêmicos encontradosnestes exercícios...

To Investigate the relationship between behaviorglycemic and lactate production in the resistance training.Material and methods: Five males (age 18 to 25), performedtwo sessions with three series of 10 exercises for the lowerlimbs, with intensity high (SI), using 08 to 12 maximalrepetitions; and moderate (SM), with loads equivalent to 50%of SI. Blood samples were taken before and at the end ofevery two exercises. The serum concentrations of lactateand glucose were made in portable analyzers. The Datawere treated by the Wilcoxon test and by Spearman’scorrelation (p<0.05). Results: In SI, glycemia was alwayshigher (98, 93.4, 100, 103 and 104 mg/dl) that SM (95.6, 90.6,93.8, 90.2 and 92.4 mg/dl), with p<0.05 in the last twoexercises. The highest glycemic values were accompaniedby serum higher concentrations of lactate in SI (7.08, 8.40,9.12, 7.66, 8.82 mM), compared with SM (6.12, 7.54, 6.06,5.22 and 6.70 mM), with p<0.05 in the last three measures. Itwas observed correlation between lactate and glycemia inboth SI (r2= 0.839) and SM (r2= 0.873), indicating a cause -effect relationship between lactacidemia and glycemia.Conclusion: The greater lactate production in exercises ofthe high intensity may be understood as one of the factorsinvolved in the largest glycemic values encountered in theseexercises...